Proposal for a Comprehensive Tool to Measure Smart Cities under the Triple-Helix Model: Capacities Learning, Research, and Development

This paper discusses the measurement of smart cities using efficiency indices and proposes a comprehensive tool based on triple-helix model to assess learning, research, development capabilities cities. Existing city models are divergent lack alignment, making it difficult compare evaluate The proposed aims contribute science, technology, innovation policies by assessing participants in regional system study follows non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive methodology consisting three stages: identification variables, definition construction tool. It finds that current indicators focus primarily technological aspects, efficiency, management processes, overlooking important factors such as citizen engagement, their capacity adopt technologies, research knowledge-generation capabilities. makes significant contribution field evaluation conceptual framework. approach strengthens existing knowledge about this phenomenon lays foundation for future area.